Social Structure
(General Article)
Family is the basic characteristic of the tribal community. Four social groups (Kisiayam,
KiLin, Goh and Mantri gotra) exist among the Garo of the northeast. Mikir (Arunanchal
Pradesh) also have four sub-groups (Chiththod, Roadhod, Samri and Dumrali). Five gotra
exist among them namely Idti & Terang (five sub-gotra), Teron and Tijhung (eleven subgotra)
and Endhi (thirty sub-gotra). Husuk, a tribe of northeast is divided into Banda,
Banna, Kantaran, Kara, Kama, Moiji, Nogora and Uni gotra.
Aao Naga is divided into subgroups (Mongsen and Chunli). O-Naga have three lineage
(Lungcum, Ponge and Chain).
Rengma Naga have two groups namely Eastern Rengma (two gotra - Khinjonya and
Apunjonya) and Western Regma (five gotra – Ninuch, Rasen, Taorbanchu, Kamphanchu
and Hembenchu).
Mijo has four subgroups namely Lushei (Shekhum, Saiyali and Hanhanar gotra), Ralte
(Kavalni, Leleh-Cchen and Saykena gotra), Plar and Pavi are gotra free groups.
Kuki of Mizoram is divided into six regional groups namely Tlongasai, Jewnag, Sabeu,
Hauthai, Leiajai and Hyma.
In central and north India tribal social structure is like:
Tribe gotra sub gotra family person.
Santhal of Bihar have 12 Puri (gotra) and 28 Khunt (sub gotra).
Killi (gotra) of Munda and Ho tribe and gotra in Oranav tribe of Bihar have many sub
gotra. Kharia of Orissa and Korba of Bihar have the following social structure:
Tribe social group gotra lineage family person.
Malera or Sauria Paharia of Bihar has no gotra system.
The social structure of the tribal groups of Orissa is as follows:
Tribe subcaste gotra family person
Savara of Orissa are divided into Barinder subcaste and 12 gotra.
The second type of social structure in Orissa is
Tribe moiety gotra family person.
Which is the Bhuia follow.
Pauri Bhuia follows the social structure
Tribe sub tribe regional group gotra lineage family person.
Bondo Puraja and Bodo Gadada follow the same structure.
In central India, Gond is divided into moiety (group of gotra). Maria and Abhujmaria are
divided into 90 and 69 gotra respectively. Gond follow the social structure
A group of tribes tribe moiety clan gotra village group lineage
family person.
Kamar of the state of Chattisgarh follow the social structure:
Regional group gotra sub gotra family person.
Halba of Madhya Pradesh have
Tribe regional group social group gotra family person.
Binjhwar, Bharotia, Mundia, Kathmaina, Raimaina, Narotia, Kondwana, Gondvaina of
central India follow the social structure:
Tribe sub tribe gotra family person.
Bondo Puraja and Bodo Gadada follow the same structure.
Korku has four regional groups (Mavasi, Bavasi, Ruma and Vaidiya), which is further
divided into many gotra. Kol (a tribe of Madhya Pradesh) follow the social structure:
Tribe regional group gotra lineage family person.
In western India (states of Rajasthan and Gujarat) follow the social structure:
Tribe regional group gotra sub gotra lineage joint family family
person.
South Indian Tribes have two social structures (economic and social). Kekulam (Gotra)
and Mondu (family) are the prime factors of their social structure. Kota Badaga,
Chenchu, Paniyan, Adiyan, Irula, Kurumba, have the same pattern but the Toda of Tamil
Nadu follow the one additional structure
Moiety gotra family person.
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